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在文章的浏览(即略读,skimming)过程中,对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中,读者可以通过寻找“信号词”来区分重要信息和非重要信息。诚信学习网为大家收集整理了在阅读过程中常见的几类“信号词”,希望对提高大家的阅读有所帮助!
# j0 N, X; y" \: x' @. J 1. 以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息:3 k: R9 z' u" o: Y* k/ V# l% K) ]+ @0 n
i! J) ?1 }# D" P4 Q The main / important point / conclusion / reason…。
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The point to note here…
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# A1 ^$ O Y( I 2. 以下词组提示了下文的结构框架:% k2 R: d; o" ?' j( l4 W1 s
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There are three major reasons…
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5 ]5 ` x* Y1 ]+ u; R* K5 E 3. but 和 however表示对比,常常用来提示重要信息,例如:
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% S O3 f) q; c2 t7 } The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate。' h8 a- s& @% Q4 i9 y7 I
9 j3 Y, E. P8 B; X6 D. q: g 4. 在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案,提示读者答案中有重要信息,例如:3 d5 z( ]+ a2 G4 j3 q6 Q
2 Z- g! Y& D: m" H Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood。
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( K7 { G' a: v 5. 有时,为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点,作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点,例如:
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Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。! k5 r" }$ W! }5 ?: U2 Q% c
2 @3 I" x0 l8 [% o) ^$ }: i 6. 文章的结论通常是非常重要的,因此,读者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”,例如:
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8 O/ z7 r& g3 t& a, c y- w: q# J4 _ Therefore/the result
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In conclusion/we can conclude
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One of the primary conclusions
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, H: b( l) V8 j( n( X 7. 举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点,因此,文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中,以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。
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For example/instancelike
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6 T* G' J; T# [ Such as these include. M; |+ U- L6 P1 m H
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To illustrate among these are* n0 j# c2 E8 R E: J5 z N4 [
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有时,作者也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息,例如:
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6 I: R. N2 Y) ~4 \# ^1 P6 c The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton。
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+ Z$ u- H7 E( y' @3 x6 ]: B2 u# @ Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…/ H& j% ? s: p4 U8 d4 n1 H1 h& p+ B
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在段落浏览时,读者在看到信号词后,应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断,例如:; `8 I |* k0 H0 W
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The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria。
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. Z, _/ p0 N' F$ Y, P) e. ^ Why (提示:问题的答案中有读者应该关注的重点) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:这只是众多答案中的一种,并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but后面的是非常重要的信息). For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:这里是作者想要强调的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。
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