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在文章的浏览(即略读,skimming)过程中,对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中,读者可以通过寻找“信号词”来区分重要信息和非重要信息。诚信学习网为大家收集整理了在阅读过程中常见的几类“信号词”,希望对提高大家的阅读有所帮助!
, S- q l1 U @; l" B- j 1. 以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息:" |6 t) ?6 M2 s4 d4 V8 q0 k
) b2 Z8 ?- Y6 J; O: p# ~ The main / important point / conclusion / reason…。/ [* t Y* }% }2 l) ~0 V
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The point to note here…
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1 H( T4 e& w ^ 2. 以下词组提示了下文的结构框架:" S6 q3 e% T0 z$ n8 D5 Z7 b
% t7 d9 m2 N: J0 p P' d There are three major reasons…5 V/ b" H/ N/ b/ p( ^- Q# s
5 p' D: c) ]& n- {- s, l 3. but 和 however表示对比,常常用来提示重要信息,例如:/ l: U1 J* t$ E0 V
& M0 |3 V0 }9 J/ c. D6 f( J The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate。
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! Z% s, ]0 u3 Z8 ` 4. 在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案,提示读者答案中有重要信息,例如:6 Y! X+ K/ m, O3 l
8 ?* o; B$ i% o7 l, w Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood。
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( }& |! \& o- M7 A4 W, Q 5. 有时,为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点,作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点,例如:; S2 {! c8 B& A ]
4 Q5 t6 X' p2 J r& ?' I; w; N Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。# K# [& ~; y$ S d. p) i
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6. 文章的结论通常是非常重要的,因此,读者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”,例如:
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5 [8 P" U) \( H5 V Therefore/the result2 b; p H$ ]' O- J# x/ d( o
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In conclusion/we can conclude
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' o, C5 O5 N' Z4 y One of the primary conclusions
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7. 举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点,因此,文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中,以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。
" r5 O. e" G$ Z
: a' z+ E6 z6 E. |8 M8 h For example/instancelike
# {) ~0 f2 j4 F% G( m3 j, [( F% J# f. c; ^. ~1 x8 |+ @$ n+ m P) }
Such as these include# R" w7 m3 K/ Y9 F: E' W9 T+ b
u. j+ A5 \+ o6 d* G8 N, r7 f To illustrate among these are
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. t" f1 ]- _+ }) S4 V) I 有时,作者也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息,例如:5 E+ K9 _& l! D
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The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton。% I& @; M1 P9 X9 | `
2 Y3 D# G) y$ H1 ]- |- D3 n Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…, Y) S# n$ N1 s0 R3 s8 j# Y7 F
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在段落浏览时,读者在看到信号词后,应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断,例如:- C( g7 B& ~3 d% v2 F; ?
: \- E, M8 k! z6 Y6 g The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria。4 u9 K- h* L$ z* N& e. R' `
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Why (提示:问题的答案中有读者应该关注的重点) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:这只是众多答案中的一种,并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but后面的是非常重要的信息). For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:这里是作者想要强调的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。5 f( Q7 x& k1 J$ \; U: x
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